Cold exposure, a prototypical environmental stressor, activates the metabolic plasticity of adipose tissue (AT) by inducing extensive AT remodeling. This adaptive process not only enhances cold tolerance but also critically improves glucose and lipid (glucolipid) metabolic homeostasis through systemic metabolic reprogramming. This review synthesizes recent high-resolution sequencing studies to comprehensively examine three core dimensions of cold exposure-induced AT remodeling: tissue phenotype, cellular architecture, and metabolic function. In addition, it elucidates intercellular communication and inter-organ interactions within the multiscale regulatory networks that govern AT remodeling, thereby providing a theoretical framework for the development of intervention strategies for metabolic diseases based on mechanisms of cold-induced AT remodeling.