Volume 3 Issue 4
Oct.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Gaosong Wu, Yuhao Zhang, Ningning Zheng, Saisai Tian, Jingyu Liao, Wanqi Le, Houkai Li, Weidong Zhang. Cold exposure promotes coronavirus infection by altering the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism to reduce host immunity[J]. Frigid Zone Medicine, 2023, 3(4): 216-231. doi: 10.2478/fzm-2023-0029
Citation: Gaosong Wu, Yuhao Zhang, Ningning Zheng, Saisai Tian, Jingyu Liao, Wanqi Le, Houkai Li, Weidong Zhang. Cold exposure promotes coronavirus infection by altering the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism to reduce host immunity[J]. Frigid Zone Medicine, 2023, 3(4): 216-231. doi: 10.2478/fzm-2023-0029

Cold exposure promotes coronavirus infection by altering the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism to reduce host immunity

doi: 10.2478/fzm-2023-0029
More Information
  •   Objective  Cold exposure has been suggested to be advantageous for the spread and infection of the coronavirus, and the gut microbiota influences the severity of the infection by modulating host inflammatory and immune responses. However, it remains unclear whether the promotion of viral infection through cold exposure is linked to the gut microbiota.  Methods  In this study, we performed an unbiased analysis of gut microbiota, serum, and lung tissue metabolome changes in cold-exposed and virus-infected mice, alongside the assessment of immune-inflammatory indicators in serum and lung tissue.  Results  The results revealed that both cold exposure and viral infection significantly decreased the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cell) and increased the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Meanwhile, cold exposure disrupted the homeostasis of gut microbiota, elevating the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus) and diminishing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Alistipes). Notably, in virus-infected mice exposed to a cold environment, the reduction in the abundance of beneficial bacteria Alistipes was more pronounced than in cases of single virus infection and cold exposure. Analysis of altered serum and lung tissue metabolites highlighted glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and eicosanoids as the most affected metabolites by cold exposure. These metabolites, closely associated with virus infection, exhibited a significant correlation with immune-inflammatory indicators.  Conclusion  These findings establish a mechanistic connection between cold exposure and virus infection, suggesting that cold exposure-induced dysregulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism diminishes host immunity, promoting virus infection.

     

  • loading
  • [1]
    Abdelrahman Z, Li M, Wang X. Comparative review of sars-cov-2, sars-cov, mers-cov, and influenza a respiratory viruses. Front Immunol, 2020; 11: 552909. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.552909
    [2]
    Karki R, Lee S, Mall R, et al. Zbp1-dependent inflammatory cell death, panoptosis, and cytokine storm disrupt ifn therapeutic efficacy during coronavirus infection. Sci Immunol, 2022; 7(74): eabo6294. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo6294
    [3]
    Abid M B, Mughal M, Abid M A. Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and immune-engaging cancer treatment. JAMA Oncol, 2020; 6(10): 1529–1530. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2367
    [4]
    Ye L, Jiang Y, Zhang M. Crosstalk between glucose metabolism, lactate production and immune response modulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2022; 68: 81–92. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.11.001
    [5]
    Spiljar M, Steinbach K, Rigo D, et al. Cold exposure protects from neuroinflammation through immunologic reprogramming. Cell Metab, 2021; 33 (11): 2231–2246. e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.002
    [6]
    Dai H, Tang H, Sun W, et al. It is time to acknowledge coronavirus transmission via frozen and chilled foods: Undeniable evidence from china and lessons for the world. Sci Total Environ, 2023; 868: 161388. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161388
    [7]
    Zuo T, Zhang F, Lui G C Y, et al. Alterations in gut microbiota of patients with covid-19 during time of hospitalization. Gastroenterology, 2020; 159(3): 944–955. e8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.048
    [8]
    Liu Q, Mak J W Y, et al. Gut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute covid-19 syndrome. Gut, 2022; 71(3): 544–552. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325989
    [9]
    Ren Z, Wang H, Cui G, et al. Alterations in the human oral and gut microbiomes and lipidomics in covid-19. Gut, 2021; 70(7): 1253–1265. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323826
    [10]
    Yeoh Y K, Zuo T, Lui G C, et al. Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with covid-19. Gut, 2021; 70(4): 698–706. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020
    [11]
    Nagata N, Takeuchi T, Masuoka H, et al. Human gut microbiota and its metabolites impact immune responses in covid-19 and its complications. Gastroenterology, 2023; 164(2): 272–288. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.024
    [12]
    Katz-Agranov N, Zandman-Goddard G. Autoimmunity and covid-19 - the microbiotal connection. Autoimmun Rev, 2021; 20(8): 102865. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102865
    [13]
    Sun Z, Song Z G, Liu C, et al. Gut microbiome alterations and gut barrier dysfunction are associated with host immune homeostasis in covid-19 patients. BMC Med, 2022; 20(1): 24. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02212-0
    [14]
    Vatanen T, Kostic A D, d'Hennezel E, et al. Variation in microbiome lps immunogenicity contributes to autoimmunity in humans. Cell, 2016; 165(4): 842–853. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.007
    [15]
    Chevalier C, Stojanovic O, Colin D J, et al. Gut microbiota orchestrates energy homeostasis during cold. Cell, 2015; 163(6): 1360-1374.
    [16]
    Huang D, Taha M S, Nocera A L, et al. Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm-mediated nasal antiviral immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2023; 151(2): 509–525. e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.037
    [17]
    Tian S, Zheng N, Zu X, et al. Integrated hepatic single-cell rna sequencing and untargeted metabolomics reveals the immune and metabolic modulation of qing-fei-pai-du decoction in mice with coronavirus-induced pneumonia. Phytomedicine, 2022; 97: 153922. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153922
    [18]
    Wu G, Zhang W, Zheng N, et al. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals the potential therapeutic mechanism of qing-fei-pai-du decoction in mice with coronavirus-induced pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2022; 12: 950983. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.950983
    [19]
    Gilbert J A, Blaser M J, Caporaso J G, et al. Current understanding of the human microbiome. Nat Med, 2018; 24(4): 392–400. doi: 10.1038/nm.4517
    [20]
    Parker B J, Wearsch P A, Veloo A C M, et al. The genus Alistipes: Gut bacteria with emerging implications to inflammation, cancer, and mental health. Front Immunol, 2020; 11: 906. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00906
    [21]
    Broker B M, Holtfreter S, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Immune control of Staphylococcus aureus - regulation and counter-regulation of the adaptive immune response. Int J Med Microbiol, 2014; 304(2): 204–214. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.11.008
    [22]
    Tsai C M, Caldera J R, Hajam I A, et al. Non-protective immune imprint underlies failure of Staphylococcus aureus isdb vaccine. Cell Host Microbe, 2022; 30(8): 1163–1172. e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.06.006
    [23]
    Zheng L, Kelly C J, Battista K D, et al. Microbial-derived butyrate promotes epithelial barrier function through il-10 receptor-dependent repression of claudin-2. J Immunol, 2017; 199(8): 2976–2984. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700105
    [24]
    Klaring K, Just S, Lagkouvardos I, et al. Murimonas intestini gen. Nov., sp. Nov., an acetate-producing bacterium of the family lachnospiraceae isolated from the mouse gut. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2015; 65(Pt 3): 870–878.
    [25]
    Yusufu I, Ding K, Smith K, et al. A tryptophan-deficient diet induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and increases systemic inflammation in aged mice. Int J Mol Sci, 2021; 22(9): 5005. doi: 10.3390/ijms22095005
    [26]
    Castane H, Iftimie S, Baiges-Gaya G, et al. Machine learning and semi-targeted lipidomics identify distinct serum lipid signatures in hospitalized covid-19-positive and covid-19-negative patients. Metabolism, 2022; 131: 155197. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155197
    [27]
    Ikaheimo T M, Jaakkola K, Jokelainen J, et al. A decrease in temperature and humidity precedes human rhinovirus infections in a cold climate. Viruses, 2016; 8(9): 244. doi: 10.3390/v8090244
    [28]
    Jaakkola K, Saukkoriipi A, Jokelainen J, et al. Decline in temperature and humidity increases the occurrence of influenza in cold climate. Environ Health, 2014; 13(1): 22. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-22
    [29]
    Foxman E F, Storer J A, Fitzgerald M E, et al. Temperature-dependent innate defense against the common cold virus limits viral replication at warm temperature in mouse airway cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015; 112(3): 827–832. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1411030112
    [30]
    Foxman E F, Storer J A, et al. Two interferon-independent double-stranded rna-induced host defense strategies suppress the common cold virus at warm temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2016; 113(30): 8496–8501. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1601942113
    [31]
    Shephard R J, Shek P N. Cold exposure and immune function. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 1998; 76(9): 828–836. doi: 10.1139/y98-097
    [32]
    Zheng D, Liwinski T, Elinav E. Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease. Cell Res, 2020; 30(6): 492–506. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7
    [33]
    Garcia-Vidal C, Sanjuan G, Moreno-Garcia E, et al. Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with covid-19: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2021; 27(1): 83–88. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.041
    [34]
    Gao J, Xu K, Liu H, et al. Impact of the gut microbiota on intestinal immunity mediated by tryptophan metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2018; 8: 13. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00013
    [35]
    Mulcahy M E, McLoughlin R M. Staphylococcus aureus and influenza a virus: Partners in coinfection. mBio, 2016; 7(6): e02068–16.
    [36]
    Zhang X Y, Sukhchuluun G, Bo T B, et al. Huddling remodels gut microbiota to reduce energy requirements in a small mammal species during cold exposure. Microbiome, 2018; 6(1): 103. doi: 10.1186/s40168-018-0473-9
    [37]
    Walsh N P, Whitham M. Exercising in environmental extremes : A greater threat to immune function? Sports Med, 2006; 36(11): 941–976. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636110-00003
    [38]
    Okin D, Medzhitov R. Evolution of inflammatory diseases. Curr Biol, 2012; 22(17): R733–40. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.029
    [39]
    Huang Z, Xie N, Illes P, et al. From purines to purinergic signalling: Molecular functions and human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2021; 6(1): 162. doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00553-z
    [40]
    Longhi M S, Moss A, Jiang Z G, et al. Purinergic signaling during intestinal inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl), 2017; 95(9): 915–925. doi: 10.1007/s00109-017-1545-1
    [41]
    Yang R, Yang C, Ma L, et al. Identification of purine biosynthesis as an nadh-sensing pathway to mediate energy stress. Nat Commun, 2022; 13(1): 7031. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34850-0
    [42]
    Wu J, Wei Z, Cheng P, et al. Rhein modulates host purine metabolism in intestine through gut microbiota and ameliorates experimental colitis. Theranostics, 2020; 10(23): 10665–10679. doi: 10.7150/thno.43528
    [43]
    Mager L F, Burkhard R, Pett N, et al. Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Science, 2020; 369(6510): 1481–1489. doi: 10.1126/science.abc3421
    [44]
    Bley H, Schobel A, Herker E. Whole lotta lipids-from hcv rna replication to the mature viral particle. Int J Mol Sci, 2020; 21(8): 2888. doi: 10.3390/ijms21082888
    [45]
    Song J W, Lam S M, Fan X, et al. Omics-driven systems interrogation of metabolic dysregulation in covid-19 pathogenesis. Cell Metab, 2020; 32(2): 188-202 e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.016
    [46]
    Barberis E, Timo S, Amede E, et al. Large-scale plasma analysis revealed new mechanisms and molecules associated with the host response to sars-cov-2. Int J Mol Sci, 2020; 21(22): 8623. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228623
    [47]
    Makide K, Kitamura H, Sato Y, et al. Emerging lysophospholipid mediators, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylthreonine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylglycerol. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2009; 89(3-4): 135–139. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.04.009
    [48]
    Shindou H, Hishikawa D, Harayama T, et al. Generation of membrane diversity by lysophospholipid acyltransferases. J Biochem, 2013; 154(1): 21–28. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvt048
    [49]
    Sevastou I, Kaffe E, Mouratis M A, et al. Lysoglycerophospholipids in chronic inflammatory disorders: The pla(2)/lpc and atx/lpa axes. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2013; 1831(1): 42–60. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.019
  • fzm-3-4-216_ESM.pdf
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(9)

    Article Metrics

    Article views (445) PDF downloads(16) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return