Submission systemSubmit
Advanced Search
Volume 6 Issue 1
Jan.  2026
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Frigid Zone Medicine  > 2026  >  6(1): 15-24
Weiqi Wang, Hongyan Sun, Rui Zhou, Ling Li, Cheng Wang. The associations between dietary minerals, obesity and hypertension in cold region[J]. Frigid Zone Medicine, 2026, 6(1): 15-24. doi: 10.1515/fzm-2026-0002
Citation: Weiqi Wang, Hongyan Sun, Rui Zhou, Ling Li, Cheng Wang. The associations between dietary minerals, obesity and hypertension in cold region[J]. Frigid Zone Medicine, 2026, 6(1): 15-24. doi: 10.1515/fzm-2026-0002
shu

The associations between dietary minerals, obesity and hypertension in cold region

doi: 10.1515/fzm-2026-0002

  • Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China

Funds:

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82304134

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Cheng Wang, Email: wangchenghlj@163.com
  • Received Date: 2024-12-06
  • Accepted Date: 2025-08-26
    • Available Online: 2026-01-01
    Abstract
  •   Objective  This study aimed to compare dietary patterns and nutrient intakes between cold and non-cold regions of China, and to assess the associations between dietary mineral intake and the risks of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension in residents of cold region.  Methods  A total of 12, 190 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included, of whom 1261 were residents of Heilongjiang province. Dietary intake was assessed using three consecutive 24 h individual dietary recalls. General linear models were applied to compare dietary differences between Heilongjiang and other provinces, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between mineral intake and the aforementioned health outcomes among Heilongjiang residents.  Results  Significant differences were observed in the intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, processed meats, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium between Heilongjiang and other provinces (all P < 0.05). In Heilongjiang residents, higher intakes of phosphorus, iron, and calcium were more strongly associated with lower risks of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension than potassium or magnesium. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across tertiles of calcium, phosphorus and iron intake were as follows: 0.37 (0.28-0.50), 0.37 (0.28-0.49), 0.48 (0.36-0.64) for overweight; 0.53 (0.35-0.79), 0.50 (0.34-0.75), 0.45 (0.30-0.69) for obesity; 0.49 (0.38-0.64), 0.52 (0.40-0.66), 0.59 (0.46-0.77) for abdominal obesity; and 0.42 (0.32-0.54), 0.42 (0.33-0.53), 0.49 (0.38-0.63) for hypertension.  Conclusion  Distinct dietary patterns exist between cold and other region of China. Adequate intake of phosphorus, iron, calcium, potassium and magnesium consumption may help protect against obesity and hypertension in populations living in cold environments.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(42)
  • [1]
    Lingvay I, Cohen R V, Roux C W L, et al. Obesity in adults. Lancet, 2024; 404(10456): 972-987. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01210-8
    [2]
    Campbell L A, Kombathula R, Jackson C D. Obesity in adults. JAMA, 2024; 332(7): 600. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.5126
    [3]
    Anonymous. GBD 2021 Adult BMI Collaborators. Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: A forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet, 2025; 405(10481): 813-838. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00355-1
    [4]
    NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: A pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet, 2021; 398(10304): 957-980.
    [5]
    Zhang H, Zhou X D, Shapiro M D, et al. Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990-2021. Metabolism, 2024; 160: 155999. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155999
    [6]
    Yin R, Yin L, Li L, et al. Hypertension in China: burdens, guidelines and policy responses: A state-of-the-art review. J Hum Hypertens, 2022; 36(2): 126-134. doi: 10.1038/s41371-021-00570-z
    [7]
    van Dronkelaar C, van Velzen A, Abdelrazek M, et al. Minerals and sarcopenia; the role of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults: A systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2018; 19(1): 6-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.026
    [8]
    Resnick L M. The role of dietary calcium in hypertension: A hierarchical overview. Am J Hypertens, 1999; 12(1): 99-112. doi: 10.1016/S0895-7061(98)00275-1
    [9]
    Ayoub J J, Samra M J, Hlais S A, et al. Effect of phosphorus supplementation on weight gain and waist circumference of overweight/obese adults: A randomized clinical trial. Nutr Diabetes, 2015; 5(11): e189. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2015.38
    [10]
    Wang L, Manson J E, Buring J E, et al. Dietary intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older women. Hypertension, 2008; 51(4): 1073-1079. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107821
    [11]
    Asbaghi O, Hosseini R, Boozari B, et al The effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure and obesity measure among type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2021; 199(2): 413-424.
    [12]
    Cobb L K, Appel L J, Franco M, et al. The relationship of the local food environment with obesity: A systematic review of methods, study quality, and results. Obesity, 2015; 23(7): 1331-1344. doi: 10.1002/oby.21118
    [13]
    Song F, Cho M S. Geography of food consumption patterns between South and North China. Foods, 2017; 6(5): 34. doi: 10.3390/foods6050034
    [14]
    Zhu P, Zhang Z H, Huang X F, et al. Cold exposure promotes obesity and impairs glucose homeostasis in mice subjected to a high-fat diet. Mol Med Rep, 2018; 18(4): 3923-3931. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9382
    [15]
    Watt C, Mitchell S, Salewski V. Bergmann's rule: A concept cluster? Oikos, 2010; 119(1): 89-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17959.x
    [16]
    Tang D, Bu T, Feng Q, et al. Differences in overweight and obesity between the North and South of China. Am J Health Behav, 2020; 44(6): 780-793. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.44.6.4
    [17]
    Popkin B M, Du S, Zhai F, et al. Cohort profile: The China Health and Nutrition Survey—monitoring and understanding socio-economic and health change in China, 1989-2011. Int J Epidemiol, 2010; 39(6): 1435-1440. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp322
    [18]
    Zhang B, Zhai F Y, Du S F, et al. The China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1989-2011. Obes Rev, 2014; 15(Suppl 1): 2-7.
    [19]
    Chen C M. Nutrition status of the Chinese people. Biomed Environ Sci, 1996; 9(1): 81-92.
    [20]
    Zhang Z, Liu M, Zhou C, et al. Evaluation of dietary niacin and new-onset hypertension among Chinese adults. JAMA Netw Open, 2021; 4(8): e2031669. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31669
    [21]
    He P, Li H, Liu C, et al. U-shaped association between dietary copper intake and new-onset hypertension. Clin Nutr, 2022; 41(3): 536-542. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.037
    [22]
    Zhou C, Zhang Z, Liu M, et al. Dietary carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in China. Metabolism, 2021; 123: 154865. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154865
    [23]
    Wang W, Liu L, Shan R, et al. Associations between dietary copper intake, general obesity and abdominal obesity risk: A nationwide cohort study in China. Front Nutr, 2022; 9: 1009721. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1009721
    [24]
    Wang W, Wang X, Liu L, et al. Dietary tryptophan and the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Total effect and mediation effect of sleep duration. Obesity, 2022; 30(2): 515-523. doi: 10.1002/oby.23343
    [25]
    Wang J G, Zhang W, Li Y, et al. Hypertension in China: Epidemiology and treatment initiatives. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2023; 20(9): 531-545. doi: 10.1038/s41569-022-00829-z
    [26]
    Grundmann S M, Schutkowski A, Berger C, et al. High-phosphorus diets reduce aortic lesions and cardiomyocyte size and modify lipid metabolism in Ldl receptor knockout mice. Sci Rep, 2020; 10(1): 20748. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77509-w
    [27]
    Keqiang H, Jia Y, Wang F, et al. Overview of karst geo-environments and karst water resources in North and South China. Environ Earth Sci, 2011; 64(7): 1865-1873. doi: 10.1007/s12665-011-0998-8
    [28]
    Houston M C. Nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2005; 47(6): 396-449. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2005.01.004
    [29]
    Grundmann S M, Ress K, Zimmermann L, et al. high-phosphorus diet moderately alters the lipidome and transcriptome in the skeletal muscle of adult mice. Nutrients, 2023; 15(5): 3734. doi: 10.3390/nu15173734
    [30]
    Abuduli M, Ohminami H, Otani T, et al. Effects of dietary phosphate on glucose and lipid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2016; 310(6): E526-E538. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00234.2015
    [31]
    Obeid O A. Low phosphorus status might contribute to the onset of obesity. Obes Rev, 2013; 14(8): 659-664. doi: 10.1111/obr.12039
    [32]
    Yook J S, Thomas S S, Toney A M, et al. Dietary iron deficiency modulates adipocyte iron homeostasis, adaptive thermogenesis, and obesity in C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr, 2021; 151(10): 2967-2975. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab222
    [33]
    Shi H, Dirienzo D, Zemel M B. Effects of dietary calcium on adipocyte lipid metabolism and body weight regulation in energy-restricted aP2-agouti transgenic mice. FASEB J, 2001; 15(2): 291-293. doi: 10.1096/fj.00-0584fje
    [34]
    Zemel M B, Thompson W, Milstead A, et al. Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obes Res, 2004; 12(4): 582-590. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.67
    [35]
    Bucher H C, Cook R J, Guyatt G H, et al. Effects of dietary calcium supplementation on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA, 1996; 275(13): 1016-1022. doi: 10.1001/jama.1996.03530370054031
    [36]
    Bucher H C, Guyatt G H, Cook R J, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation on pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA, 1996; 275(14): 1113-1117. doi: 10.1001/jama.1996.03530380055031
    [37]
    Zemel M B. Calcium modulation of hypertension and obesity: Mechanisms and implications. J Am Coll Nutr, 2001; 20(5 Suppl): 428S-435S. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2001.10719180
    [38]
    Wu Q, Ye Z, Zhou C, et al. A U-shaped association between dietary phosphorus intake and new-onset hypertension: A nationwide cohort study in China. Am Heart J, 2023; 259: 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.01.013
    [39]
    Wu S, Chen P, He J, et al. Dietary intakes of total, nonheme, and heme iron and hypertension risk: A longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Eur J Nutr, 2023; 62(9): 3251-3262. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03230-9
    [40]
    Lewis R M, Petry C J, Ozanne S E, et al. Effects of maternal iron restriction in the rat on blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and serum lipids in the 3-month-old offspring. Metabolism, 2001; 50(5): 562-567. doi: 10.1053/meta.2001.22516
    [41]
    Lakhal-Littleton S, Crosby A, Frise M C, et al. Intracellular iron deficiency in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells induces pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2019; 116(26): 13122-13130. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1822010116
    [42]
    Aburto N J, Hanson S, Gutierrez H, et al. Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ, 2013; 346: f1378. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f1378
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Tables(6)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (24) PDF downloads(0) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Contact Us

    Editorial Office: Frigid Zone Medicine, Editorial Office of Frigid Zone Medicine, Heilongjiang Health Development Research Center, Zhongshan Road 112, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150036, China

    Tel: 0451-87253028

    E-mail: editorialoffice@frigidzonemedicine.com

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.    

    Links

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return