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Volume 3 Issue 1
Jan.  2023
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Article Navigation >  Frigid Zone Medicine  > 2023  >  3(1): 53-64
Manyu Gong, Xuewen Yang, Yaqi Wang, Yanying Wang, Dongping Liu, Haodong Li, Yunmeng Qu, Xiyang Zhang, Yanwei Zhang, Han Sun, Lei Jiao, Ying Zhang. Growth differentiation factor 11 promotes macrophage polarization towards M2 to attenuate myocardial infarction via inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway[J]. Frigid Zone Medicine, 2023, 3(1): 53-64. doi: 10.2478/fzm-2023-0008
Citation: Manyu Gong, Xuewen Yang, Yaqi Wang, Yanying Wang, Dongping Liu, Haodong Li, Yunmeng Qu, Xiyang Zhang, Yanwei Zhang, Han Sun, Lei Jiao, Ying Zhang. Growth differentiation factor 11 promotes macrophage polarization towards M2 to attenuate myocardial infarction via inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway[J]. Frigid Zone Medicine, 2023, 3(1): 53-64. doi: 10.2478/fzm-2023-0008
shu

Growth differentiation factor 11 promotes macrophage polarization towards M2 to attenuate myocardial infarction via inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway

doi: 10.2478/fzm-2023-0008

  • Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of BiomedicinePharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China

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    Abstract
  •   Background  Myocardial infarctions (MI) is a major threat to human health especially in people exposed to cold environment. The polarization of macrophages towards different functional phenotypes (M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages) is closely related to MI repairment. The growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been reported to play a momentous role in inflammatory associated diseases. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of GDF11 in macrophage polarization and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in MI.  Methods  In vivo, the mice model of MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and mice were randomly divided into the sham group, MI group, and MI+GDF11 group. The protective effect of GDF11 on myocardial infarction and its effect on macrophage polarization were verified by echocardiography, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and immunofluorescence staining of heart tissue. In vitro, based on the RAW264.7 cell line, the effect of GDF11 in promoting macrophage polarization toward the M2 type by inhibiting the Notch1 Signaling pathway was validated by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry.  Results  We found that GDF11 was significantly downregulated in the cardiac tissue of MI mice. And GDF11 supplementation can improve the cardiac function. Moreover, GDF11 could reduce the proportion of M1 macrophages and increase the accumulation of M2 macrophages in the heart tissue of MI mice. Furthermore, the cardioprotective effect of GDF11 on MI mice was weakened after macrophage clearance. At the cellular level, application of GDF11 could inhibit the expression of M1 macrophage (classically activated macrophage) markers iNOS, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, GDF11 significantly increased the level of M2 macrophage markers including IL-10, CD206, arginase 1 (Arg1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Interestingly, GDF11 could promote M1 macrophages polarizing to M2 macrophages. At the molecular level, GDF11 significantly down-regulated the Notch1 signaling pathway, the activation of which has been demonstrated to promote M1 polarization in macrophages.  Conclusions  GDF11 promoted macrophage polarization towards M2 to attenuate myocardial infarction via inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway.

     

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