Because of the overbearing low temperature, cold areas increase the morbidity and mortality of chronic non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases) in exposed populations. With the growth of the aging population and the superposition of lifestyle risk factors, the number of people with chronic diseases in cold areas is climbing, and the family and social burdens are rising. These health-threatening circumstances in the cold areas render the general practitioners to face serious challenges and difficulties in the community management of chronic diseases. This paper summarizes the current situation of chronic disease management in cold areas and explores the relevant management models so as to provide a useful reference for regional health construction, graded diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control of chronic diseases in China.