Objective  To explore the effects of daily mean temperature (℃), average daily air pressure (hPa), humidity (%), wind speed (m/s), particulate matter (PM) 2.5 (μg/m³) and PM10 (μg/m³) on the admission rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in Harbin and to identify the indexes and lag days that impose the most critical influence.  Methods  The R language Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model (DLNM), Excel, and SPSS were used to analyze the disease and meteorological data of Harbin from 01 January 2010 to 31 December 2019 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  Results  Meteorological factors and air pollution influence the number of hospitalizations of CKD to vary degrees in cold regions, and differ in persistence or delay. Non-optimal temperature increases the risk of admission of CKD, high temperature increases the risk of obstructive kidney disease, and low temperature increases the risk of other major types of chronic kidney disease. The greater the temperature difference is, the higher its contribution is to the risk. The non-optimal wind speed and non-optimal atmospheric pressure are associated with increased hospital admissions. PM2.5 concentrations above 40 μg/m³ have a negative impact on the results.  Conclusion  Cold region meteorology and specific environment do have an impact on the number of hospital admissions for chronic kidney disease, and we can apply DLMN to describe the analysis.

Developmental disorders (DDs) are a kind of chronic maladies, which can cause serious irreversible detriment to children's physical and mental health. It is predominantly regulated by the interaction of environment and heredity. Cold regions are mainly located in the high latitudes of China. Their living environment is characterized by frequent cold wave, huge temperature difference, severe air pollution, high calorie diet, less exercise, smoking, drinking, etc. In recent years, substantial advances have been made in studies of the correlation between the living environment features in cold regions and the DDs. Accordingly, this article reviews the impact of the peculiar living environment of cold regions on DDs, with a view to provide fresh prevention strategies for reducing the morbidity of DDs in China cold regions by ameliorating living environment.

  Background   Previous studies have established a link between fluctuations in climate and increased mortality due to coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there remains a need to explore and clarify the evidence for associations between meteorological changes and hospitalization incidences related to CAD and its subtypes, especially in cold regions. This study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between exposure to meteorological changes, air pollutants, and hospitalization for CAD in cold regions.   Methods   We conducted a cross-sectional study using hospitalization records of 86, 483 CAD patients between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019. Poisson regression analysis, based on generalized additive models, was applied to estimating the influence of hospitalization for CAD.   Results   Significant associations were found between low ambient temperature [-10℃, RR= 1.65; 95% CI: (1.28–2.13)] and the incidence of hospitalization for CAD within a lag of 0–14 days. Furthermore, O₃ [95.50 μg/m³, RR = 12; 95% CI: (1.03–1.21)] and NO₂ [48.70 μg/m³, RR = 1.0895% CI: (1.01–1.15)] levels were identified as primary air pollutants affecting the incidence of CAD, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and non-STEMI (NSTEMI) within the same lag period. Furthermore, O₃ [95.50 μg/m³, RR = 1.12; 95% CI: (1.03–1.21)] and NO₂ [48.70 μg/m³, RR = 1.0895% CI: (1.01–1.15)] levels were identified as primary air pollutants affecting the incidence of CAD, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and non-STEMI (NSTEMI) within the same lag period. The effect curve of CAD hospitalization incidence significantly increased at lag days 2 and 4 when NO₂ and O₃ concentrations were higher, with a pronounced effect at 7 days, dissipating by lag 14 days. No significant associations were observed between exposure to PM, SO₂, air pressure, humidity, or wind speed and hospitalization incidences due to CAD and its subtypes.   Conclusion   Our findings suggest a positive correlation between short-term exposure to low ambient temperatures or air pollutants (O₃ and NO₂) and hospitalizations for CAD, STEMI, and NSTEMI. These results could aid the development of effective preparedness strategies for frequent extreme weather events and support clinical and public health practices aimed at reducing the disease burden associated with current and future abnormal weather events.