Cold stimulation has been shown to regulate glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, while also increasing heat production and energy expenditure in the body. Disordered energy metabolism is a key factor in the onset and progression of chronic metabolic conditiones such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Recent research has unveiled the myriad pathways through which cold stimulation affects human energy metabolism. This article provides an overview of how cold stimulation affects energy metabolism across the three major metabolic pathways. Furthermore, it explores the implications and potential therapeutic applications of cold stimulation in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases.