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The link between dietary nutrients intake and cardiovascular diseases in cold regions
Rennan Feng, Qianqi Hong, Jingjing Cao, Jian Li, Lanxin Deng, Jing Wang, Yang Zhao, Cheng Wang
2024, 4(1): 1-11. doi: 10.2478/fzm-2024-0001
Keywords: nutrients, northern, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cold
[FullText HTML] (500) [PDF 2757KB](42)
  Background  The cold winter weather in northern China influences the dietary habits of its residents, contributing to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Key factors include low vegetable consumption and high salt and fat intakes. This study aims to investigate the relationships between northern dietary nutrient intake in northern China and cardiovascular disorders during the winter season.  Methods  A food frequency questionnaire tailored to the actual eating habits in northern China was designed. Retrospective data from 955 Chinese adults were collected from November to March between 2014 to 2023. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular diseases, with model performance assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.  Results  Adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), an inverse association was observed between vitamin A (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.550, 0.907), nicotinic acid (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.447, 0.762), phosphorus (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.608, 0.994), selenium (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.560, 0.923), zinc (OR = 0.683, 95% CI: 0.531, 0.880), methionine (OR = 0.730, 95% CI: 0.569, 0.936), arginine (OR = 0.753, 95% CI: 0.588, 0.964), lysine (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.550, 0.907), aspartic acid (OR = 0.730, 95% CI: 0.569, 0.936) and hypertension. Additionally, a negative association was found between niacin (OR = 0.752, 95% CI: 0.597, 0.946) and coronary heart disease. Conversely, a positive association was identified between iodine and hypertension (OR = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.669) and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.301, 95% CI: 1.037, 1.634).  Conclusion  Our study suggests that maintaining a balanced dietary intake of vitamin A, niacin, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, methionine, arginine, lysine, and aspartic acid can be beneficial in preventing hypertension. Adequate niacin intake is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease. However, excessive iodine intake may contribute to hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Correlation of PM2.5 pollution and daily mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Northeast China through PM2.5 sources analysis
Qianqi Hong, Yang Zhao, Jing Wang, Hongyan Sun, Lanxin Deng, Jingjing Cao, Cheng Wang
2024, 4(4): 193-201. doi: 10.1515/fzm-2024-0019
Keywords: PM2.5, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, daily mortality, time series, PMF
[FullText HTML] (100) [PDF 1021KB](3)
  Objective   This study aims to evaluate the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and daily mortality rate from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) in cold regions of northern China, as well as to identify the primary sources of PM2.5.   Methods   A time series analysis model was used to calculate the exposure-response relationship between PM2.5 and CCVD mortality in Harbin. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was employed to analyze the sources of PM2.5.   Results   After adjusting for multiple pollutant combinations, the maximum excess risk of cardio-cerebrovascular death on the day of PM2.5 exposure was 0.42% (95% CI: 0.15%-0.70%). Stratification by gender and age revealed that the elderly individuals and men were particularly susceptible to PM2.5 exposure. The source analysis identified seven major pollution sources contributing to PM2.5 in Harbin.   Conclusion   Our findings strengthen the evidence that PM2.5 is an independent risk factor for daily CCVD mortality, identify vulnerable populations that require special attention, and pinpoint the primary sources of PM2.5 in Harbin. These findings provide reference points for effectively reducing the health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure.
Seasonal variation in dietary intake and its association with obesity-related chronic diseases in northeast China
Cheng Wang, Zican Li, Dongwei Guan, Hongxin Fu, Rennan Feng
2024, 4(3): 129-136. doi: 10.1515/fzm-2024-0014
Keywords: obesity-related chronic diseases, polyunsaturated fatty acid, phytosterols
[FullText HTML] (175) [PDF 491KB](14)
  Objective   The objective of this study was to assess seasonal changes in dietary and nutrient intake of residents (18-75 years old) in Northeast China during summer and winter, and to explore the associations between fatty acids, phytosterols, and the prevalence of obesity-related chronic diseases, particularly obesity, hyperlipidemia, and NAFLD.   Methods   A total of 4773 participants from the Internet-based Dietary Questionnaire for Chinese (IDQC) were included in this study. Dietary intake information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyze continuous variables, while Chi-squared tests were used to compare categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the relationship between fatty acids, phytosterols, and obesity-related chronic diseases.   Results   The mean consumption of legumes, vegetables, fruits, nuts, dairy products, fish, condiments, energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate differed significantly between summer and winter (P < 0.05). Significant inverse associations were found between both fatty acids and phytosterols and obesity-related chronic diseases in multivariate adjusted models. Summer polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake was negatively associated with the prevalence of hyperlipidemia (Q4, OR, 0.515; 95%CI, 0.283-0.921; P < 0.05) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Q4, OR, 0.331; 95%CI, 0.176-0.599; P < 0.001). Phytosterols intake was negatively associated with the prevalence of obesity (Q4, OR, 0.603; 95%CI, 0.414-0.873; P < 0.05), hyperlipidemia (Q4, OR, 0.420; 95%CI, 0.233-0.731; P < 0.001), and NAFLD (Q4, OR, 0.206; 95%CI, 0.111-0.360; P < 0.001) during the summer.   Conclusions   Higher PUFA intake was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and NAFLD. Phytosterol intake was inversely associated with the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and NAFLD. These findings suggest that the associations between PUFA and phytosterols and the prevalence of obesity-related chronic diseases may be influenced by seasonal differences in food intake.

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