Cryopreservation as a versatile strategy for the construction and application of organoids

Xinyue Wang; Hengxin Han; Yi Xu

doi:10.1515/fzm-2025-0013

Cryopreservation as a versatile strategy for the construction and application of organoids

doi: 10.1515/fzm-2025-0013

Xinyue Wang^{1, 2, 3},
Hengxin Han^{1, 2, 3},
Yi Xu^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
2.
Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
3.
Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China

Funds:

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52076140

More Information

Corresponding author: Yi Xu, E-mail: xuyi@usst.edu.cn

摘要

Abstract: Organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells that recapitulate the gene expression profiles and functional characteristics of their tissue of origin, rendering them invaluable tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and precision medicine. Despite their promise, the widespread application of organoids is limited by extended culture durations and technical complexity. Cryopreservation has emerged as a critical strategy to overcome challenges related to the long-term storage and application of organoids, offering a range of preservation approaches tailored to organoid development. Nevertheless, conventional cryopreservation techniques encounter significant limitations when applied to organoids. To address these issues, the development of naturally derived, low-toxicity Cryoprotectants (CPAs), along with the optimization of CPA loading methods and refinement of cooling and warming protocols, is essential to mitigate cryoinjury. Looking forward, the comprehensive enhancement of cryopreservation technologies may facilitate the transformation of organoids into "off-the-shelf" products, enabling scalable production, batch standardization, and centralized distribution. Such advancements will lay the foundation for the establishment of Next-Generation Living Biobanks (NGLB).
- organoids /
- tumor tissues /
- cryopreservation /
- next-generation living biobanks

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Figure 1. Diverse cryopreservation pathways and damage mitigation strategies in organoid cryopreservation

(A) Schematic representation of diversified cryopreservation pathways, illustrating the stages from tissue acquisition to organoid application. This approach supports the flexible and scalable development of Next-Generation Living Biobanks (NGLB). CPA, cryoprotectant; ESCs, Embryonic stem cells; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells. (B) Overview of the principal types of cryoinjury encountered during cryopreservation, along with corresponding strategies for mitigation, including optimization of cryoprotectants, cooling/warming protocols, and loading techniques^[14]. (Copyright 2024, biotechnology journal. Created with BioRender.com).

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